Basic knowledge of fabric

I. fabric characteristics -- each fabric has its own characteristics, which are its own conditions and performance.

The characteristics of raw materials can be divided into raw fiber materials, weaving method, texture, weight, feel, finishing, wearing and cleaning performance.

Explain the weave, texture, weight and wearing performance of the fabric.

1. Weaving method: fabrics include woven fabric and knitted fabric. Most of our garments are woven with woven fabric.

2. Texture: each material has its own organizational structure, which produces different tactile/visual effects due to different materials and weaving methods. Such as: smooth glossy cotton cloth, soft and light yarn, etc. An original cosplay dress pays a lot of attention to texture, so be careful when choosing fabric. It's best to discuss cutting methods and materials with a tailor.

3. Weight: the weight of cloth usually refers to G/M (how many grams per meter). Needless to say, for a more elegant effect, choose lighter fabrics and vice versa. For instance the cloth that outside outfit wears, skirt, pants to wait multi-purpose heavier body, and shirt USES lighter cloth, additional, cloth and season also are having close concern, qiu dong basically can use heavier body cloth, chun xia basically can mix lighter cloth.

4. Wearing and cleaning performance: wearing performance refers to whether the clothes are durable and durable, while washing performance refers to whether the clothes can be changed by machine or need hand washing or dry-cleaning. This is important for everyday clothes, but is largely ignored when it comes to cosplay clothes. Sometimes to achieve the BT effect of the original requires the use of very troublesome fabrics, plus the clothes are not often worn, will sacrifice the wearing and cleaning convenience.

II. Classification of fabrics

Cloth actually has many meanings. It is called textile fiber in terms of the material it is made of.

Although there are many kinds of textile fibers, they can be basically divided into two categories: natural fibers and chemical fibers:

Natural fiber refers to the textile fiber in nature or obtained directly from cultured animals.

Chemical fiber is made of natural or synthetic high polymer by certain method.

Artificial fiber refers to the natural high polymer (such as wood, bagasse or animal fiber) as the raw material, after certain processing and spinning of the fiber.

Synthetic fiber is made of polymer giant spinning with petroleum, coal, natural gas and some agricultural and sideline products as raw materials.

Natural fiber properties

(1) cotton

1. Strong moisture absorption, comfortable to wear, easy to dye, and easy to shrink.

2, alkali and acid resistance, mercerized cotton is caustic soda treated cotton fabric.

3, cotton fiber is relatively heat resistant, but not in more than 100 degrees of long time treatment, such as ironing temperature at 190 degrees or so, cotton fabric ironing best spray wet, conducive to ironing.

4. Cotton fiber is soft and weak, cotton fabric feels good, comfortable to wear, washable, but easy to wrinkle, suitable for all kinds of clothing and bedding in four seasons.

(2) hemp

There are many kinds of hemp, ramie, flax, jute, hemp and so on. Before using in the fabric more secret is the first two kinds. Hemp has some of the same properties as cotton.

1, moisture absorption, alkali resistance not acid resistance.

2, heat resistance is good, ironing temperature can reach 190 degrees -- 210 degrees, easy to burn.

3, the strength is higher than cotton, hemp fiber is harder, weak, the fabric is easy to wrinkle, harder than cotton fabric, stand, cool. The so-called summer cloth, that is, the ramie fabric that southerners love to wear, sweat is not close-fitting.

Ramie is the best quality hemp fiber, with cool, moisture absorption, air permeability and other characteristics, and high stiffness, hard, straight, not close-fitting, suitable for making summer clothing. Ramie and polyester blended processing of "hemp dacron", with a very cool style.

(3) MAO

The wool with the largest amount of wool used in weaving is usually called wool.

The wool fiber is thicker than the cotton fiber, has certain curly, its surface has a layer of scales to cover. Due to the presence of scales, wool has a special property, that is, felting. Felting refers to the wool in warm water and washing liquid to kneading, mutual occlusion felting properties. In daily life, wool products shrink after washing and become denser. Shrinkage is one of the reasons. If the scales are destroyed to make them smooth and flat, wool products will not be felted. Therefore, machine-washed sweaters sold in the market go through this surface treatment.

(4) silk

Natural silk is divided into domestic silk and wild silk, domestic silk is silkworm silk; The main species of wild silk is tussah silk. Silk strength, slender fiber, soft smooth, weak than cellulose fiber, with a unique luster. Silk fabric has tired thin like yarn, but also make it plump and enterprising solid such as intimate, is high garment material, like wool belongs to protein fiber.

Unless it's a very generous cos, it's rare to use such an extravagant and expensive fiber. A little.

Properties of chemical fibers

★ as clothing materials are mainly seven fiber, their common characteristics are as follows:

A generally lower moisture absorption than natural fiber, easy to carry static electricity after friction, easy to absorb dust.

B most of them have high strength, good elasticity, easy to pilling after wearing for a long time.

C when burning first softening contraction, some can melt, produce drop drawing, send out peculiar smell, iron temperature below natural fiber.

D. They have good heat setting property. Because of their little moisture absorption, they can keep the original after washing.

(I) polyester (dacron)

It is one of the fastest developing fiber in chemical fiber at present. Commonly known as dacron. It is made of silk fabrics such as rosie, juris and calico, as well as so-called "muslin", which is popular with women in the summer market. Polyester blended with cotton is called cotton dacron (cotton polyester), blended with wool as wool polyester, and spun with hemp warm as hemp polyester, etc. Its characteristics: stuffy, airtight feeling, dyeing is not easy, after friction with static electricity, easy to absorb dust, but not easy to shrink, easy to wash, quick drying.

(2) nylon (nylon, nylon, kapron)

Commonly known as nylon, nylon, capron, etc., its characteristics: good elasticity, high strength, high wear resistance, light resistance, in the sun easy yellowing commonly used for socks, gloves and knitted sportswear.